Chapter 1339 Yang-Mills Theory

The Yang-Mills equation is an important differential equation, which refers to the Euler-Lagrange equation determined by the Yang-Mills action.

Yang's theory is a gauge theory based on the SU(N) group, or more generally, a compact, semi-simple Lie group. Yang-Mills field theory aims to describe the behavior of elementary particles using these non-Abelian Lie groups and the unified core electromagnetic and weak forces (i.e., U(1)×SU(2)) and the strong force of quantum chromodynamics theory (based on SU(3)).

This forms the basis for people's understanding of the standard model of particle physics.

In 1954, Yang Zhenning and Mills jointly proposed the "Yang-Mills field theory", which opened up a new research field of non-Abelian gauge fields, laid the most basic principles and equations for the subsequent development of the entire particle physics, and laid the foundation for modern gauge field theory (including electroweak unified theory, quantum chromodynamics theory, grand unified theory, gauge theory of gravitational field, etc.).

The Yang-Mills equation was cited by mathematician S. Donaldson and achieved a major breakthrough in topology.

Yang-Mills field theory can be said to be a very great achievement.

But there is a problem. Yang-Mills equation has not been proved so far.

That is to say, all of this is not true, but exists in hypothesis.

No one knows whether Yang-Mills equation is right or not!

If Yang-Mills equation is right, then the theory built on this basis will have no problem. If Yang-Mills equation is wrong, then the entire modern gauge field theory will collapse.

If the foundation is wrong, can the conclusion be right?

It is precisely because of the importance of Yang-Mills equation that in 2000, it was included in the Millennium Prize Problem, also known as the world's seven major mathematical problems. It was announced by the Clay Mathematics Institute in the United States on May 24, 2000. The solver can get a prize of 1 million US dollars for any of the solutions.

In addition to Yang-Mills equation, the seven major mathematical problems in the world also include Hodge conjecture, Poincare conjecture, Riemann conjecture, P and NP problem, N-S equations, and Dale conjecture!

If he wants to do controlled nuclear fusion, then many theoretical aspects must be solved.

We must know not only the fact, but also the reason.

So he has more things to think about, such as how to unify the nuclear force! ?

Or, how to unify mechanics! ?

According to the viewpoints in quantum field theory and quantum chromodynamics, the four fundamental forces and traditional particles can be unified.

Among them, Yang-Mills theory is a hurdle that cannot be avoided, and Yang-Mills equation must also be overcome.

Now that it has been overcome, the role of theoretical physics can be said to be huge!

This achievement alone is enough to sweep the next world physics awards and world mathematics awards.

Of course, Liu Tao did not tell Liu Ziyu about things that are too in-depth, because it is useless to tell him!

This kind of thing will be confusing even for doctoral students in related majors, not to mention Liu Ziyu, who is not a related major.

There are mountains between different fields!

Even if they are in the same field, they are separated by mountains.

Just like Qin Shaofeng, he does not specialize in the field of differential equations, so he will not interrupt.

Scholars will understand these better.

After strolling around, everyone returned to the courtyard at about ten o'clock in the evening.

The capital has long banned the use of firecrackers and fireworks. Although some people will secretly set them off, it has not formed a large scale.

The last time they were set off in the city was during the Olympic Games.

To watch the New Year's Eve fireworks show, you have to go to the suburbs, where there are organized centralized fireworks to form a fireworks show.

Young people will go to watch it, but Liu Tao and his family are already past that age.

Liu Ziyu and his wife did not return to their own house, but stayed in Liu Tao's courtyard.

As the richest man in China, Liu Ziyu also has a villa and a courtyard in the capital.

However, when he returns to Beijing, Liu Ziyu always stays at Liu Tao's place because it is popular here.

Where my parents are, that's home!

"Brother, will the economic crisis this year be over?" Liu Ziyu asked.

Although this economic crisis has no impact on the Internet industry, on the contrary, this economic crisis has further promoted the development of the Internet industry, but as the current vice chairman of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce and the vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Liu Ziyu can't help but watch the audience economy.

Liu Ziyu knows more about the current global economic situation than ordinary people.

In Europe, five countries have high deficit rates, and the economic crisis has triggered a debt crisis, so they are ridiculed as the "Five Pigs of Europe", and these "Five Pigs of Europe" are all developed countries.

As a result, only Greece has received a lot of funds because of the historical friendship between the two sides and as a fulcrum for Chinese products to enter Europe, and its life is still so-so. Portugal, Ireland, Italy, and Spain are in a miserable situation.

Portugal and Spain accepted a group of African refugees in the past, and the consequences are now emerging. Because of the economic crisis, the entire social security has deteriorated rapidly.

And Italy, because it is not in the Franco-German alliance, but on the side of the United States, is now suffering.

Now the entire European Union is in a mess because of this crisis.

The economic integration that was originally harmonious, now everyone sees that it is a rotten rag inside, and there are still many problems to be solved internally.

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Japan and South Korea are also facing a huge crisis.

As for Australia, it is now causing trouble because of Japanese immigrants.

The impact of the economic crisis on Australia is also huge.

Although Australia was very tough and unwilling to accept Nanyang refugees, it later accepted tens of millions of refugees.

These tens of millions of refugees have a huge impact on Australia.

Because these refugees are lazy and are not the immigrants Australia wants at all.

Australia had a population of less than 20 million at that time, but the Nanyang refugees entered Australia with a population of 40 million.

Add to that the millions of Japanese immigrants, and the situation made the local white Australians feel a sense of crisis.

Originally, everyone said that they were allies, on the same front, and were used to balance the Chinese and overseas Chinese. As a result, Japanese immigrants are going to create a country within China!

For this matter, Australians have scolded the Japanese internationally, believing that the Japanese have ulterior motives.

Look at which country's immigrants will gather together to build communities, and then there are community hospitals, community schools, community shopping malls, and even the security guards are veterans, and they all carry guns.

They even held their own elections, and even the local police were refused to go in for inspection.

And the Japanese also bought so much land in Australia, what do they want to do! ?

This economic crisis swept across Australia, directly making the internal contradictions in Australia more acute.

Liu Ziyu even doubted whether the economy could start to recover this year.

After all, the external environment is so bad that it is not easy to recover the economy.

As a person who has a lot of data, Liu Ziyu is very clear about the current situation at home and abroad. (End of this chapter)