Chapter 86 Extra to the Shanhaijing Thought Series: The only Person in History to Ascend to Heaven.

Although the interpretation series of "Classic of Mountains and Seas" is included in this book as a special episode, it actually has nothing to do with this book...

It is just a simple personal interpretation, but when I interpret it, I always diverge far, and the clues and ideas involve a lot of knowledge.

And some knowledge points, if explained in detail, will appear bloated, and if not explained in detail, I am afraid that you will not know...

So I always have to write some special episodes of the "Interpretation Series of Classic of Mountains and Seas"...

Although my interpretation does not use documents other than Classic of Mountains and Seas as evidence, they can be ideas.

The ancient documents are there, and modern information is so developed. If you are interested, you can search and check, and then put forward your own opinions.

Combining other people's understanding and his character and political stance to judge what he describes, what he will be biased towards. Comparing with Classic of Mountains and Seas, we can infer which chapters in Classic of Mountains and Seas are false and which ones are likely to be the original appearance of ancient times.

At the same time, by comparing with other documents, we can know what evolution a legend has undergone and in what direction it has evolved, and then reversely infer what its original appearance may be.

There is no doubt that the ancient documents of the pre-Qin period are the most convincing, while the documents of the Han Dynasty and later are not so credible.

Either a lot of artistic processing has been added, political purposes have been implanted, or they have been directly deleted.

Coupled with the wars of successive dynasties and the loss of many precious documents, it is too difficult to understand the true situation of the ancient Five Emperors.

Don't believe in Baidu Encyclopedia, or even completely believe in the compilation of various formal channels and institutions. What they have compiled is only for reference, not for the truth.

It would be good if 20% of them match the truth thousands of years ago.

Because their basis is also obtained from the documents after the Han Dynasty.

The only thing that can be trusted is archaeological relics, that is, the physical analysis of ancient relics. But with this, we can only know the tip of the iceberg.

So, in fact, there is no truth, the truth has long been buried, and we will always have only the "truth" that we understand personally.

Everyone has his own human history in his heart. My interpretation may not be accurate, and some of my views have even been thought of by others.

Back to the point, many people think that Shanhaijing is more absurd, so why is it more credible?

And it might have been written by people in the Warring States period, not in ancient times.

Why do I think that what is written in Shanhaijing is the most authentic?

First of all, I admit that I love Shanhaijing very much. Second, the reason why I insist that some of the texts in Shanhaijing must have been recorded by people in ancient times, and definitely not written in the Warring States period or even later.

The reason is that Shanhaijing can often overturn what the official believed in the Warring States period and later, and there are cultural relics to prove it.

I read Shanhaijing very early, and the opportunity to really start to think that it is a reliable history, at least more reliable than the claims since the Qin and Han Dynasties, is that one day I saw a report on the bronze sacred tree in Sanxingdui.

No one has described it more in detail than Shanhaijing. Even the "Nine Songs" of the Warring States period only mentioned that the sun shines on all directions from Fusang in the east.

It is completely different from Shanhaijing, which described nine suns on the lower branches and one sun on the upper branches early.

When the bronze sacred tree was excavated, only the Classic of Mountains and Seas confirmed it.

After that, I frantically looked up what other cultural relics were confirmed by the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

Then I found that there were oracle bones.

Nearly seventy years ago, the Ministry of Culture obtained a batch of oracle bones and kept them in the National Library of China until today.

Among them was a piece of cattle shoulder blade from the period of King Wu Ding of the Shang Dynasty, engraved with oracle bones. The content has been deciphered, and it is for worshiping the "four directions" and "four directions of wind".

"The east is called Xi, and the phoenix is ​​​​called Xie. The south is called Jia, and the phoenix is ​​​​called Kai. The west is called Yi, and the phoenix is ​​​​called Yi. The north is called宀... The phoenix is ​​​​called 伀." Note that because the oracle bones are too broken, I don't know what the north is called. I only know that the word has a '宀'.

This is the 'name of the four directions' and 'name of the four directions of wind' written in oracle bones during the Shang Dynasty.

Note that in the Shang Dynasty, the word "feng" was not written as "feng", but only "feng", because the Shang Dynasty, like Shaohao, Xihe and other countries at that time, worshipped birds, and the word "feng" was derived from the word "feng", and the oldest pictograph of wind was the phoenix.

Shaohao's totem was the black bird, and the totem of the Shang Dynasty was also the black bird. I seriously suspect that they were descendants of Shaohao.

The black bird was sent by heaven to give birth to the Shang Dynasty.

If this sentence is translated according to the language habits of the Classic of Mountains and Seas, it actually means that the black bird gave birth to the Shang Dynasty.

Similar to "Zhuanxu gave birth to Huantou", the Zhuanxu Kingdom gave birth to the Penguin Kingdom.

So Shaohao, that is, the Black Bird Kingdom gave birth to the Shang Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty of the Dongyi system destroyed the Yuxia of the Yanhuang system, causing great damage to the civilization of the Xia Dynasty. The Erlitou site is full of obvious signs of destruction, and there are almost no intact things. It can be imagined that when the Xia Dynasty perished, many things were completely destroyed.

This is too far-fetched. So are the four winds recorded in the oracle bone inscriptions three thousand years ago in the Classic of Mountains and Seas?

Of course there is, the format is the same... and it is more detailed.

"The Great Wilderness Eastern Classic": "The east is called Xi, the incoming wind is called Jun, and it is located at the easternmost corner to enter and exit the wind."

"The Great Wilderness Southern Classic": "The south is called Yin, the exclamatory wind is called Humin, and it is located at the southernmost corner to enter and exit the wind."

"The Great Wilderness Western Classic": "There is a person named Shiyi, the incoming wind is called Wei, and it is located at the northwest corner to control the length of the sun and the moon."

"The Great Wilderness Eastern Classic": "The north is called, the incoming wind is called Yu, and it is located at the easternmost corner to stop the sun and the moon."

In the end, the north was placed in the Eastern Classic, which should be a mistake made when Liu Xin was editing the book, or even later.

In short, the records in Shanhaijing are almost the same as those in oracle bone script.

Some people may think, which one is the same? There are many mistakes.

Indeed, the oracle bone script for the east wind is written as '妦', while the Shanhaijing is written as 'jun'. written as 'because' and '民'. And the west wind '悂' is written as '伟'.

However, the characters in the oracle bone script for the north have been damaged, leaving only one '宀', but the Shanhaijing clearly states that it is ''. This character has long been unused. In fact, it is the character 万, with a bird on it. It is very consistent with the habits of the Dongyi people.

In addition, regarding the oracle bone script for the south wind being written as 凯, other paragraphs in the Shanhaijing have made supplements. "Shanhaijing·Nanshanjing" says: "Four hundred miles further east, to the tail of Maoshan, there is a valley in the south, called Yuyi, with many strange birds, and the Kaifeng comes out from there."

In other words, the Shanhaijing also believes that the south wind is called 凯风.

In short, the mistakes made in Shanhaijing can actually be considered as mistakes made by later generations in editing and copying.

The ancient Shanhaijing has long been lost, and what we are reading now is a version that has been copied countless times. Some characters have also changed, which is normal.

It is okay to write wrong characters, as long as they are talking about the same thing.

Everything is afraid of comparison, and you will understand after looking at the mistakes made in other documents.

The "Yaodian" in the Warring States Period has a description of the four directions, saying that Emperor Yao sent people to observe the celestial phenomena in the east, west, south and north to observe the celestial phenomena and manage the four directions and the four seasons, respectively: "The people are divided, and the birds and beasts are breeding and tailing." "The people are Yin, and the birds and beasts are Xi Ge." "The people are Yi, and the birds and beasts are furry." "The people are Wei, and the birds and beasts are flattering."

Is it very obscure? It's okay, you don't need to understand what it means.

Because the people of the Warring States Period had long forgotten the settings of the real ancient four directions and the four winds.

They didn't understand the meaning, so they wrote it like this "taking the words literally" and "taking it for granted".

They were probably also confused when they saw the oracle bone script "东曰analytic, 风曰妦" left by the Shang Dynasty merchants.

Because the word "风" in the oracle bone script is "风", and then it is directly understood as a bird... Then, according to the literal meaning, it is associated with birds and beasts.

If you look at the structure of the word "妦", you will know that it means the cooperation of many people, and then according to the literal meaning, it is associated with the meaning of "合".

So the people of the Warring States Period combined the birds and beasts in the previous words and wrote the birds and beasts "合尾".

The good four-sided officials and the four-sided winds became the changes of birds and beasts in different seasons in the four-sided officials...

What about the wind? It has nothing to do with the wind.

The Yaodian is the first chapter of the "Shangshu", a Confucian classic. In the Han Dynasty, its status soared, so Sima Qian chose the Yaodian statement when writing the Records of the Grand Historian.

As for the statement in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, Sima Qian did not adopt it, saying: "I dare not say it. '

Therefore, from the Warring States period to modern times, the statement of the Yaodian is orthodox.

Until the last century, the oracle bone inscriptions on the Shang Dynasty artifacts were deciphered using a scientific and systematic pictographic analysis method.

Only then did I realize that the orthodoxy had been wrong all along, and the Classic of Mountains and Seas was right.

Since the text was engraved on the bones during the Wu Ding period, only the Classic of Mountains and Seas has fully recorded the ancient four winds for three thousand years.

Of course, I can wash it.

People in the Warring States period did not not understand the oracle bone inscriptions, they deliberately tampered with them.

Or they deliberately grafted and integrated the culture of Yanhuang and Dongyi, and inserted a large amount of Dongyi culture into people of the Yanhuang system such as Emperor Yao.

They did not choose to copy, but took inspiration from the culture of the Dongyi system, processed it, and then passed it on to Emperor Yao.

The ethnic integration was completed, and Yanhuang and Dongyi were completely integrated.

Emperor Jun became Emperor Ku, Shaohao became the son of the Yellow Emperor, and the ancestor of the Shang Dynasty was the second son of Emperor Ku...

I did not say that this was wrong, the effect was positive.

But whether it was intentional or unintentional.

Objectively speaking, the understanding of ancient times during the Warring States period was not as realistic as the Classic of Mountains and Seas, not as true as the Classic of Mountains and Seas, and not as honest as the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

For ancient things, the documents of the Warring States period had academic purposes, and the documents of the Han Dynasty had political purposes. For reference only.

It is rumored that during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, someone sent a parrot from the Western Regions. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was confused and did not recognize it. In the end, Dongfang Shuo took out the Classic of Mountains and Seas and said that this thing was called a parrot.

"Classic of Mountains and Seas·Classic of Western Mountains": "There is a bird, its shape is like an owl, with green feathers and red beak, and human tongue can speak, and it is called a parrot."

Although I have not found this record in official history, a large number of parrots have been introduced and sold since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ni Heng's only masterpiece was a "Parrot Fu", which sang this bird that no one has ever sung since ancient times. And pretended to be a parrot to express the depression that no one recognized his talent.

And the name of parrot has continued until today.

The names of many animals are different in ancient and modern times, but the name of parrots has never changed. This can prove that after the Classic of Mountains and Seas, before the Han Dynasty, no one had given parrots a name, and they did not know them at all.

It was the people of the Han Dynasty who learned from the Classic of Mountains and Seas that it had long been called a parrot, and they continued to use it, which made the name unchanged because there was a common source of the name.

If there was no Classic of Mountains and Seas, people from all over the world would give parrots different names. Northerners saw parrots and gave them a name. Southerners saw parrots and might give them another name.

Then in the 21st century, parrots would have multiple official names.

However, this did not happen, indicating that before the Han Dynasty, no one had seen parrots except the contemporaries of the author of the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

In addition, there are documents that during the reign of Emperor Xuan of Han, an ancient stone chamber collapsed in Shangjun, and the image of a "robber tied up and armed" was carved on the stone wall inside. No one knew what it meant until Liu Xiang, who was "correcting" the Classic of Mountains and Seas at that time, and was also Liu Xin's father, pointed out that this was a "minister of two-faced people".

"Hai Nei Xi Jing": "The minister of two-faced people was Wei. Wei and Er Fu killed Yu Yu, and the emperor then shackled him to the Shushu Mountain, shackled his right foot, tied his hands and hair behind his back, and tied him to a tree on the mountain. It was in the northwest of Kaiti."

So, the people of the Han Dynasty knew nothing about ancient things... They didn't even know parrots, but they knew a lot about the Five Emperors such as Huangdi, Yao and Shun, as if they had seen them with their own eyes.

There are many more examples. In short, since ancient times, the Classic of Mountains and Seas corresponds to a large number of cultural relics and real things.

Whether it is animals, mountains, murals, oracle bones, or Sanxingdui cultural relics, as well as the Erlitou site, Taosi site, Shimao ancient city that I haven't mentioned yet...

A large number of real things have more or less confirmed the realism, truthfulness, and honesty of Shanhaijing.

The changes between ancient and modern times are too great, so it is useless to be realistic.

The times are also changing, so it is useless to be truthful.

And it is too honest, so honest that it does not praise anyone, does not convey any truth, does not promote any benevolence and morality, and may even touch some bad luck and violate some taboos.

It deserves that Liu Xin reduced Shanhaijing by half when he revised the book.

Looking at its status from ancient times to the present, Shanhaijing has always been embarrassing. Its content, in the long river of history, is often different from the official orthodox statement.

This is a lonely book, so lonely that no one can prove that it is true except for the glory that has been buried in the soil.

I have to criticize Liu Xin in almost every article.

You who didn't know him originally, probably are familiar with him.

I say it again, Liu Xin, the great master of Confucianism!

The first person to systematically organize pre-Qin documents, the founder of ancient classics, was evaluated by the literary circles of all generations as the first great man and master in the academic world after Confucius.

I do not deny his contribution, but he is really not objective in academics and disrespectful to documents.

The royal collection of the Western Han Dynasty, bamboo slips filled with more than a dozen palaces and warehouses, were originally extremely scattered and unsystematic. Countless people could not sort them out for two hundred years. It was Liu Xin who sorted them into books by himself and made them readable.

More than a dozen palaces, dozens of ancient documents were sorted out, and they were all his credit.

However, Liu Xin also "lost" more books...

"Shan Hai Jing" lost 14 chapters, and "Xunzi" had 322 chapters, but only 32 chapters were left.

There are also three Yi, and after him, only Zhou Yi is left.

"Lianshan" and "Guizang", these two books, plus "Zhou Yi", are collectively called the Three Yi. They are the "Yi" used by people in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties for divination and discussion.

We all know that the Yi records various natural phenomena and historical events, and uses them as metaphors to convey ideas, teach principles, and life insights and judge good and bad luck.

In ancient times, similar things happened, and the result was bad. Then you get this divination, and you happen to do something similar, so it is also bad.

Of course, it is just an example, not that simple. The Yi is very complicated, and I don’t understand it, but it must be all-encompassing and record all kinds of big and small things in the world.

Why do I mention this?

Because from our perspective, the earliest book with clear documents about Chang'e is "Gui Zang".

However, from the author of Huainanzi, to some scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty, to the Jin and Tang Dynasties, some people said that the earliest source of Chang'e was "Shan Hai Jing".

This is strange. I have read Shan Hai Jing to pieces, but I haven’t seen the story of Chang'e and Heng'e flying to the moon.

Yi did, he was a super awesome man, I will talk about it later. In short, Shan Hai Jing did not mention that he had a wife named Heng'e, nor did Chang'e fly to the moon.

Therefore, among the documents that have been discovered, "Gui Zang" was the first to mention it.

However, Lianshan and Guizang have been lost for more than a thousand years.

The first disaster was the burning of books and burying of scholars.

Of course, the historical records say that all the books burned were Confucian classics, which is not entirely true. Some skeptics believe that Qin Shihuang burned books on witchcraft and divination and buried alchemists.

I don't know what books Qin Shihuang burned, but don't forget that even according to this statement, Lianshan and Guizang are also books on witchcraft and divination. And they are the "Bible" in witchcraft and divination.

The alchemists fooled Qin Shihuang, and they should have used the ancient events in Lianshan and Guizang as the theoretical basis.

Whether it is Lianshan, Guizang, or Shanhaijing, they all mentioned the elixir of immortality.

Unfortunately, the alchemists could not produce the elixir of immortality, and nothing they said would work.

In order to unify the ideology and vent his anger, Qin Shihuang later directly burned a large number of books recording ancient myths and overseas customs. Go to the overseas fairy mountains!

By the way, he also burned a lot of ancient books of the six countries to promote the pace of writing the same book.

It is conceivable that Shanhaijing should also be severely damaged by this...

Some people say that Confucianism is just slandering Qin Shihuang by accusing him of burning books and burying scholars. It is clear that all the books burned were books of witchcraft and divination, and no Confucian scholars were buried alive. It is completely to distort the truth in order to slander Qin Shihuang.

Here, I would like to say something to Confucianism. Why did Confucianism madly slander Qin Shihuang's operation?

I will not talk about other reasons. I don't know which ancient books of the six countries were burned. I just say that he burned the Book of Changes, that's enough.

The Zhouyi among the three Yi is the first of the five Confucian classics. The Qin army searched for books from house to house. In order to protect the Book of Changes, how many Confucian scholars died? In the burning of books and burying of scholars, the Book of Changes suffered a devastating blow.

The second disaster was Xiang Yu burning Xianyang.

This wave is really hurtful. No matter what book it is, burn it all for you!

Qin Shihuang cleaned up the world, and Xianyang collected countless treasures of the six kingdoms and precious classics.

A fire burned the sky and the earth. This is the reason for the large reduction of various classics, and Qin Shihuang just took the blame.

How heavy is the loss? In the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing collected a large number of ancient books, but found that many books were directly lost. For example, "The Book of Songs", "The Book of History", "The Book of Rites", "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" and various documents.

Of course, it was not completely lost. There are still some charred fragments left, some with a few words left, and some with only a few bamboo pieces left, all scattered, one by one.

Here I will say something to Qin Shihuang again, the first emperor burned books, and left you fragments? So only Xiang Yu could leave some when he burned the city.

These bamboo slips piled up more than a dozen palaces. It was not until the Wang Mang period that many pre-Qin ancient texts were sorted out.

Among them, "Lianshan" and "Guizang" were not lost. It was lost in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and then scholars from all dynasties looked for it but could not find it.

In the Western Han Dynasty, these two books still existed. How come they disappeared in the Wei and Jin Dynasties? These are two extremely important books! How widely the Zhouyi spread, these two books should be as widely spread!

The person responsible for sorting out the Three Yi was Liu Xin, yes, this person again.

You don’t have to guess that he deleted Lianshan and Guizang. He was not so crazy that he would not dare to delete these two books even if he had a hundred guts.

But the fact is... After Liu Xin sorted it out, scholars of the Eastern Han Dynasty of the same period recorded: "Lianshan is stored in Lantai, and Guizang is stored in Taibu."

During the Han Dynasty, a stone chamber for storing books was built in the imperial palace as a central archive library, called Lantai.

Taibu was an official of Taichang, the head of the Nine Ministers, who was responsible for divination for national affairs.

Hidden... Liu Xin sorted out dozens of ancient texts, all of which were circulated. This was actually the purpose of his proofreading books - to facilitate circulation.

As a result, these two books used by the Xia and Shang dynasties, which were listed alongside the Book of Changes, were shelved...

Then, you know, if they are not widely circulated, they are easily lost.

The third disaster came.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo burned Luoyang with a fire...

I don't know if these two books were burned. After all, there were many literati at that time, such as Cai Hu, who rescued many books.

"Gui Zang" was placed in a remote place, so it may have been lost, but "Lianshan" was in Lantai, which is an important book collection place, and it should have been rescued.

Unfortunately, this is not the end.

The fourth disaster, in the fifth year of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty, the Xiongnu and others broke through Luoyang, killed more than 30,000 officials and civilians of the Jin Dynasty, captured Emperor Huai of Jin, burned Luoyang City, and Luoyang was reduced to ashes.

Okay, no one will rescue it this time. Last time Dong Zhuo moved the capital, this time he directly massacred the city, and I don't know how many books were destroyed.

Since then, "Lianshan" and "Gui Zang" have been lost.

After saying so much, you may wonder why we still talk about Chang'e when it has been lost. The earliest clear written record is "Gui Zang"?

Because this book was dug out from Hubei in the year I was born, more than a thousand years after it was lost...

It was a tomb of Chu during the Warring States Period. In addition to the coffin, there were no bronzes, no gold, no beautiful jade, only some pottery, and a pile of bamboo slips buried with the dead.

The bamboo slips were all ancient documents from the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, including the "Gui Zang" of the Book of Changes of Shang.

There have been countless wars in the dynasties, and countless ancient documents have been lost, so that today, the documents of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties and even ancient times that we can see are very few.

So that we can only understand the ancient ancestors from what people in the Han Dynasty and later said.

However, the people in the Han Dynasty knew nothing about ancient times.

So it's thanks to the burial system that we dug out the things before the Qin Dynasty. Although it is a waste of social wealth, if everyone really listens to Mozi and implements simple burial, then everything will definitely be lost.

I am really looking forward to when a copy of Shanhaijing from the Zhou Dynasty will be dug out.

At this point, you must be very annoyed: I want to see Chang'e, what are you talking about Guizang!

I said, this is a special episode of the Shanhaijing interpretation series, not the main text of the interpretation series...

Because there is really no Chang'e in the current version of Shanhaijing. Although many people say that Chang'e originated from Shanhaijing, at least there is no Chang'e now. If there is, it is still waiting for archaeological discovery of the ancient Shanhaijing.

In summary, apart from the description of Chang'e in the lost, early version of Shanhaijing, then we know that only Guizang has the most say in the matter of Chang'e.

Assuming that the credibility of Shanhaijing is 100, the credibility of Guizang is at least about 70 or 80.

"Gui Zang": "In the past, Heng'e stole the immortality medicine from the Queen Mother of the West and took it with the moon. Before she left, she asked You Huang for divination. You Huang said: 'Auspicious. The graceful girl will go west alone. When the sky is dark, don't be alarmed or afraid, and you will prosper in the future.' Heng'e then took refuge in the moon and became a toad."

You can see that there is no need to take anything out of the Shanhaijing. The Shang Dynasty version alone can directly refute the claim that Chang'e stole the immortality medicine from Yi.

The Shang Dynasty's Gui Zang clearly wrote that Heng'e stole the immortality medicine from the Queen Mother of the West! What does it have to do with Dayi?

In addition, there is another detail here, that is, after Chang'e took the immortality medicine, she was ready to go to the moon, but she hadn't gone yet. Before she went, she asked someone to divine!

This refutes the claim that after Chang'e took the immortality medicine, she couldn't help herself and flew to the moon automatically.

She can go or not, and go wherever she wants.

This state most likely indicates that Chang'e stole the elixir with motive and premeditation.

"Submit it to the moon and pass."

In other words, after stealing and eating, prepare to go to the moon.

But she panicked, provoked the Queen Mother of the West, and stole the elixir. According to the Classic of Mountains and Seas, we know that this was obviously a very serious matter!

Because it is recorded in the Classic of Mountains and Seas that someone stole the elixir and was directly executed.

Therefore, Chang'e was worried that she would get cold. Although she wanted to go to the moon, she asked a person named "Youhuang" before leaving: What will happen after my trip?

The 'Youhuang' said: "Good luck, let's eat chicken tonight. You will fly back this time and will go west alone. If you encounter dark weather, don't be alarmed. There will be great light in the future."

Note that Guimei in Pianpian Guimei is a hexagram in Guizang and has a special meaning.

It's hard for me to explain specifically. "Guimei" can generally be thought of as: "When a woman marries someone else's concubine, she must be patient and can walk on one leg." The wedding date has been postponed, don't worry, the new date will be better'...

All in all, I talked about forging ahead, turning a blind eye, and being optimistic about life.

This also corresponds to what was said later. Don’t panic when encountering dark and lightless weather. There will be great light after you get through it.

Chang'e was very happy after hearing this, so she went to the moon and settled down as a toad.

Above, this is what we can see, the earliest legend of Chang'e.

Let’s take a bold guess. If you secretly took the elixir, why would you go to the moon? Thinking about it logically, there must be something about the moon that she particularly wants to visit.

She risked her life and secretly took the elixir just to go to the moon.

It may be very risky and dangerous, but after getting through the darkness, there will be an infinite bright road!

In other words, when she gets to the moon, she can rely on her identity of taking the elixir to have the life she has always dreamed of having.

Chang'e knew what she would get, so she took the risk and tried her best to steal the medicine. She wanted to go to the moon to try her luck! Either there will be no recovery, or the destiny will change!

But once you go, there is no turning back! So she was panicked, so she asked a very authoritative person, a person who was not afraid of the Queen Mother of the West at all, and whose status was no less than that of the Queen Mother of the West: What would happen to her future if she went to the moon?

The man told Chang'e: You will succeed, don't be impatient, don't panic, don't be afraid, everything will pass and your future will be bright!

It's a pity, after all, this is a book of changes. Although it tells the story of Chang'e, it must express a certain attitude towards life and philosophy of life...

So what exactly is on the moon and why Chang'e took this risk? Although I can continue to speculate, it will be very unfounded.

Therefore, I will stop for now and first talk about how the story of Chang'e recorded in Guizang has evolved since then.

Then, based on the laws of its evolution, I conducted inverse deductions and deduced the Chang'e incident that was "possibly recorded" in the "not yet found" ancient version of the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

In other words, based on the development pattern of the story after its return to Tibet, combined with the consistent writing style of the Classic of Mountains and Seas, and the possible historical background of the Five Ancient Emperors, we can deduce what would happen if Chang'e was really recorded in the ancient Classic of Mountains and Seas.

start!

When it comes to Chang'e, we have to mention Dayi!

But through the collection, we know that Chang'e did not steal Yi's elixir, but stole the Queen Mother of the West's.

In Qu Yuan's "Heavenly Questions" during the Warring States Period, Yi was mentioned, but Chang'e was not mentioned.

"Huainanzi" of the Western Han Dynasty records: "Yi asked the Queen Mother of the West for the elixir of immortality, and Heng'e stole it and flew to the moon. She was saddened and could not continue."

It means that Dayi asked the Queen Mother of the West to give him the elixir of immortality, but Chang'e stole it. Dayi felt very uncomfortable and could no longer continue.

Let's talk about the mainstream understanding first. Most people believe that Dayi got the elixir of death from the Queen Mother of the West, and it was stolen by Chang'e and flew to the moon. Dayi was very uncomfortable and never married again.

I'm sorry, but I don't agree with this statement. This is the understanding of later generations who were first misled by myths.

To interpret this sentence, we must consider the background of the times.

First of all, this sentence does not say that Chang'e is the wife of Dayi!

Some people may think: Aren’t they all very uncomfortable because they haven’t remarried since then? Doesn’t this prove that Chang’e was originally the wife of Dayi?

No, this translation is wrong. "无用了之" should not be translated as "Never continue".

When did the allusion of continued strings appear? On Baidu Encyclopedia, it is written that the story of the sequel originated from Boya Ziqi. But the classics that hold this view were written by a Qing Dynasty author. I think he is completely exaggerating, and based on the word "xuxian", he insists that it is the Boya period. Please don't trust Baidu Encyclopedia.

As early as the Western Jin Dynasty, Zhang Hua wrote the real source in the second volume of "Natural History": "At the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Xihai State presented five taels of glue, and the emperor paid it to the foreign treasury. The remaining half tael of glue was worn by the Western envoy. Later, when Emperor Wu shot his bow at Ganquan Palace, the emperor's bow string was broken, and the envoy from the West came forward to ask for the remaining fragrant glue he had given. In order to break the string, the two ends were connected, and the strings were connected. The emperor asked the strong men to lead one end of the string, and they would not separate. Said: 'continued string glue'."

This paragraph is very long. Anyway, after this incident spread, later generations gradually used this allusion to make up for the broken relationship and the relationship between husband and wife, and later it was derived into re-marriage.

So when was the author of "Huainanzi"? The author is Liu An, the King of Huainan, who is the uncle of Emperor Wu of Han. He joined a group of followers to compile this book, with the purpose of targeting Emperor Wu of Han in the early days of his accession to the throne and opposing his reforms.

Later, Liu An rebelled and was defeated and died. When he died, Emperor Wu of Han was only 34 years old.

It was also the year when Liu An died. Emperor Wu of Han first learned from Zhang Qian, who returned from his mission to the Western Regions, that there was a trade route from Shuchuan to India.

In summary, when "Huainanzi" wrote "Yi was sad and had no way to continue it", there was no allusion of "re-marriage"!

Because, even if the envoy of the Western Sea Kingdom had met Emperor Wu of Han before "Huainanzi" was written, and the two had "re-marriage", the time was not enough to spread the world and form an allusion.

You know, the matter of remarrying a wife has nothing to do with marrying a wife. It must have been known to people first, and then gradually evolved into the meaning of "remarrying a wife" as time went by.

Therefore, the book "Huainanzi" would never use this allusion so naturally. The social background at that time did not make it reasonable to translate these four words into "remarrying a wife".

So what does "wuyixuzhi" mean?

It's very simple, it means to continue or go on.

"Er Ya": Xu, to continue.

"Zhou Li·Jinche": "Sui Shi Gengxu".

"Shi Ji·Xiang Yu Benji": "Continuation of the fall of Qin".

Before the Han Dynasty, if the subject was a person, an animal, or a country, it generally referred to the continuation of time.

So what does "wuyi" mean? It means "nothing can...". Wuweiyibao means nothing can repay.

In summary, the meaning of "wuyixuzhi" is "nothing can continue his time", which means "no life can be continued" in the context.

And there is another detail in the first sentence, which has always been misunderstood from ancient times to the present.

That is, "ask the Queen Mother of the West for the elixir of immortality", it is "ask", not "get"!

If you want to express that Yi got the elixir of immortality, you should write "The Queen Mother of the West gave Yi the elixir of immortality, and Chang'e stole it and flew to the moon".

In this way, the meaning is clear, Chang'e stole it from Yi.

However, it is not, it is written here, "Yi asked the Queen Mother of the West for the elixir of immortality, and Chang'e stole it and flew to the moon".

If it is written like this, Yi may not have got the elixir of immortality... He may still be asking for it.

So, for "Huainanzi": "Yi asked the Queen Mother of the West for the elixir of immortality, and Chang'e stole it and flew to the moon, and was sad and mournful, and there was nothing to continue his life."

My translation is: Dayi asked the Queen Mother of the West to give him the elixir of immortality, but the Queen Mother of the West told him that the elixir was stolen by Chang'e and flew to the moon. So Yi was sad and miserable, very uncomfortable, and there was nothing to continue his life.

Of course, it is not necessary to translate it as "extend life". We can use the simplest meaning of "extend" to translate it as: he is very uncomfortable and there is nothing to keep him going.

This continuation may be a further step and get the "follow-up" that he should have.

For example, promotion and salary increase... Just kidding, but the meaning may be this.

Yi is the one who should be qualified to take the immortality medicine, go to the moon, have some kind of follow-up, and change his destiny.

But he was intercepted...

"Classic of Mountains and Seas·Seas and Seas": "Emperor Jun gave Yi a red bow and a white bow to help the lower country. Yi began to care about the hardships of the lower world. '

In fact, there are more than one place about Yi in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. Because it is not the main topic of Yi, otherwise it will be too long to write here, so I will post this paragraph.

In short, Yi is a great hero. He was assigned by the superiors to help the people on earth and deal with various disasters.

And it is obvious that Yi is also a person who everyone knows and belongs to the "common sense level" in ancient times.

He is extremely powerful in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. How powerful he is will be discussed later.

Back to Chang'e.

Yi's merits even qualified him to become an emperor, but maybe he didn't want to, or for other reasons.

Anyway, he was definitely qualified to get the immortality medicine. When the superiors gave him the task, they promised: After you finish those things, we will give you the immortality medicine, send you to the moon, leave here... and become one of us.

In the Classic of Mountains and Seas, the Queen Mother of the West is in charge of the immortality medicine. The share of immortality medicine approved by the superiors is basically asked from the Queen Mother of the West.

In short, Yi completed his task and made great contributions, so he came to the Queen Mother of the West to ask her to give him the immortality medicine.

As a result, Yi came happily and left in despair. The immortality medicine approved by the superiors was stolen by Chang'e and flew to the moon.

You may have questions here, why is there only one immortality medicine?

First of all, it may be very rare, because the emperor sent Yi to perform the task and promised to give him the medicine, so he approved one and kept it with the Queen Mother of the West, waiting for Yi to complete the task and receive the reward.

Secondly, the immortality medicine and "some kind of follow-up to going to the moon" are a set. This quota has already been taken by Chang'e. And it has been occupied for quite a long time, and it is impossible to regret it.

When the next batch is delivered, Dayi may have died of old age, so it is said that "there is nothing to continue his life". For a while, there is nothing to continue his life.

The third possibility is that my previous speculation that Dayi was promised medicine was wrong.

The emperor just sent him to work, but did not promise him anything.

Dayi's merits are enough to be the emperor, but he wants the immortality medicine more, so he is unwilling to be the emperor, and wants to use this merit to ask the Queen Mother of the West to exchange for an immortality medicine.

In summary, it is a joint interpretation of "Gui Zang" and "Huainanzi".

You will find that the perspective has shifted from Chang'e to Dayi.

On one side is what Chang'e did, and on the other side is what Yi experienced from his perspective after Chang'e did it.

This story began to shift from the heroine to the hero.

So what happened next? What changes did the legend undergo after the Western Han Dynasty?

They got married...

Chang'e officially became Dayi's wife in the literature.

The first person to say that Chang'e was Dayi's wife was a man named Gao You in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He annotated the Huainanzi and added his own interpretation.

In fact, in the era of Gao You in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the allusion of "re-marriage" should have been used.

At that time, people, based on the description of Huainanzi, began to circulate in society that Chang'e stole her husband's immortality medicine, which I mentioned before as the "mainstream understanding".

All Gao You who had this idea annotated it on it: Chang'e, Yi's wife.

Ding Ding Ding! Just these four words have a far-reaching impact! Directly issued a marriage certificate to the two ancient figures!

From then on, the people of Wei, Jin, Tang and Song dynasties were simply delighted, Yo! Love story! She also stole her husband's immortality medicine? I'll eat this melon!

The related legends are becoming more and more abundant, and the process of the two people falling in love and parting is becoming more and more detailed! Even who the third party is and why he stole the medicine are becoming clearer and clearer as time goes by! They have names and surnames! The lines are rich and colorful, and the psychological activities are becoming more and more profound!

From then on, until today, everyone believes that Chang'e and Dayi are husband and wife.

I won't talk about the specific myths, you all know them.

Doesn't it feel very similar to Nuwa and Fuxi? At first, the two seemed to have nothing to do with each other, and then their stories came together, and then the two got married. The man was the protagonist with countless halos, and the woman was a vassal, or even a criticized character.

So the legend of Dayi became richer and richer.

It is worth mentioning that the people of the Tang Dynasty began to add drama to Chang'e, calling Chang'e "Yue Jing", which actually means the moon god, don't get me wrong.

In addition, it began to say that she didn't steal the medicine, but ate it herself to protect the medicine from being taken away by bad guys. As a result, she couldn't help herself and flew to the moon.

But as I said before, the "Gui Zang" of the Shang Dynasty clearly stated that after eating, Chang'e was preparing to go to the moon, but before leaving, she found a man named "You Huang" to predict the good and bad luck and tell her what would happen on this trip.

From this, it can be seen that there is no such thing as ascending to the moon involuntarily.

In addition, it is absolutely impossible to protect the medicine. The earliest record is "stealing". All the records about Chang'e before the Tang Dynasty are all "stealing medicine", and "stealing" is the most core keyword of this story.

Chang'e briefly improved her status after the Tang Dynasty, and then continued to be a vase. Generally speaking, the protagonist is Yi and Chang'e is a vassal.

In other words, on the other hand, if the Shanhaijing recorded this incident during the period of the Five Emperors in ancient times, then Chang'e should be the central figure of the whole story.

In the tombs of the Han Dynasty, there are pictures of Chang'e flying to the moon. In the pictures, Chang'e has a human head and a snake body, or even a human head and a dragon body, because she has legs like dragon claws.

And the moon she flew to has a toad painted in the middle. This is consistent with "Gui Zang".

However, it was not that she turned into a toad, but that there were toads on the moon where Chang'e went.

Note that this is a cultural relic, reflecting that in the Han Dynasty, they believed that Chang'e, like Nuwa and Queen Mother of the West, had a human head and a snake body.

However, "Huainanzi" did not mention this.

After thinking about it, there is only one possibility, that is, the author of "Huainanzi", including scholars of the Western Han Dynasty, felt that this was not important, and it was just a legend passed down from generation to generation, saying that Chang'e had a human head and a snake body.

Even the Western Han version of "Classic of Mountains and Seas" described Chang'e as a human head and a snake body! So scholars of the Western Han Dynasty knew this image.

But why did she have a human head and a snake body, and how did this image come about, they didn't know.

Who was Chang'e, was she an ancestor? No, what did she invent? She stole the immortal medicine of Queen Mother of the West, and it was not to repair the sky, nor to control the water, nor to shoot the sun. There was nothing to praise, so I felt that it was meaningless and didn't understand it very well.

So I only focused on the key points, extracted Chang'e's deeds, and integrated them with Dayi's story. The story of stealing medicine is told from Dayi's perspective, with Dayi as the protagonist.

In addition, there is another possible explanation, that is, the people of the Western Han Dynasty believed that Heng'e was Changxi. You should all know this statement. Changxi was born in December, and Heng'e is also the moon god, so the two are actually the same person.

I have a lot to refute this, but I can't write it here, so I won't talk about it.

In short, let's get back to the point.

According to the evolution of Heng'e's image, legend, and status. We can reversely infer that in ancient times, or in the ancient version of Shanhaijing.

First, Heng'e is the core figure, and her status may be very high. At least she can't be an ordinary person and have certain abilities. Otherwise, how could she steal medicine? It's just because she's gone... So there are not many things about Heng'e before, only the story of stealing medicine and running to the moon has been passed down.

Second, Chang'e and Dayi were not married, and they didn't even know each other. At most, they knew Dayi and knew that the Queen Mother of the West had medicine, so they went to steal it. It was a long time after the theft, and it was a done deal before Dayi went to the Queen Mother of the West to ask for the elixir of immortality.

The two actually had no intersection! This is reflected in "Gui Zang", let alone "Shan Hai Jing"?

However, it may be because Dayi asked for medicine and learned that the Queen Mother of the West's medicine was stolen by Chang'e, that he knew about this person, and then Dayi passed this matter down.

If it weren't for Dayi spreading this story, the Chang'e incident would probably be extremely obscure and confidential, and only circulated between people like the Emperor and the Queen Mother of the West, and ordinary people would never know about it.

Remember what I said, there is a record in the Classic of Mountains and Seas that someone stole medicine and was executed?

It is possible that the fact that Chang'e successfully stole medicine made many people want to imitate it, and they ran into the gun.

Third, Chang'e's human head and snake body should be mentioned in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. However, after the Western Han Dynasty, this text was lost.

Fourth, Chang'e did not fly after taking the medicine. That was a saying in the Tang Dynasty.

Before that, it was only said that Chang'e stole medicine and flew to the moon. Chang'e should have some channel to reach the moon. This channel may require the immortal medicine to pass.

Fifth... Speaking of this, I should reveal a fact that I concealed before.

That is the record in "Gui Zang", in fact, I changed two words.

The real text on the "Gui Zang" in the bamboo slips of the Chu Tomb of the Warring States Period is actually: "In the past, Hengwo stole the immortality drug from the Queen Mother of the West and took it with the moon. When he was about to go, he asked Youhuang for divination. Youhuang said: "Auspicious. The graceful girl will go west alone. When the sky is dark, don't be surprised or afraid, and you will prosper in the future.' Hengwo then took possession of the moon and became a toad."

That's right, it's not the word Heng, nor the word E!

The record in the "Gui Zang" of the Shang Dynasty Yijing is "Hengwo".

I don't know if it's a man or a woman!

If it's Hengwo, it should be a man!

People in later generations, for some purpose, defined this existence as a woman. After the gender change, they began to think that "wo" is actually the abbreviation of "e".

So Hengwo became Heng'e.

Because of the taboo of Emperor Wen of Han Liu Heng, Heng was changed to Heng.

Afterwards, it was taken as a synonym, and Heng was changed to Chang, becoming the Chang'e we know in later generations.

Characters can change from complex characters to fewer and simpler ones. There are very few pictographic characters that were simple in the beginning, but became complicated after evolution.

Especially the radical of female character, it is almost impossible to abbreviate it. Other characters can be abbreviated, but female character is different, because important surnames in ancient times all have the character "女".

Will "Ji" be abbreviated to "chen"? Will "姒" be abbreviated to "伊"?

The character "娥" has existed for a long time, and it is a commonly used character. Ehuang Nvying has never been seen written as "我皇女英".

In addition, the oracle bone scripts of the characters "我" and "娥" are proved by the excavated cultural relics. The oracle bone scripts of the two characters are actually very different...女 is a radical that cannot be omitted.

Of course, everything is not absolute, it may be an abbreviated, and I am not an authority.

But here, I will assume that "Gui Zang" wrote it this way, and the more ancient "Shan Hai Jing" wrote it this way.

So, what does "久wo" mean? In the oracle bone script, the character "wo" is a pictograph of a person holding a spear, which means a royal family or aristocratic family.

The oracle bone script of "E" means a royal woman or a noble woman.

Heng is a pictograph of the moon gradually becoming full. It means long-lasting, permanent, and lasting.

From the meaning, Heng is in the front and is used as a dynamic, which means "make me eternal"!

"Wo" is a royal family, so it can be extended to mean "make me eternal royal family"!

Combined with the core of the story "Hengwo stole the immortal medicine from the Queen Mother of the West and took it for the moon".

The person who stole the medicine may really be called "Hengwo", which has no special meaning.

If there is a special meaning, it means that he is actually an "unknown person".

The gender is unknown, the deeds are unknown, and the name is unknown. But "Hengwo" is a dream that every noble wanted to achieve in ancient times.

Take the immortal medicine, go to the moon, enter the toad, Hengwo!

This is a set of semi-public secrets and processes circulated among the royal families at that time, and many people wanted to complete the way to heaven.

The normal channel for this dream is to rely on merit and virtue like Yi.

The abnormal channel is to steal!

And ‘Hengwo’ is the first person who has done it. He became a human-headed snake body, passed the verification that humans cannot pass, entered the toad from the moon, and left.

Who is this person? Almost no one in the world knows, and even Queen Mother Xi herself may not know!

Yes, I don’t know who stole it. If I knew, Hengwo should have failed in the end.

It is because I don’t know that this person doesn’t even have a name, and is directly named ‘Hengwo’.

Yi went to Queen Mother Xi with hope. Queen Mother Xi was also embarrassed and careless. She never thought that this group of ignorant idiots would steal her immortality medicine!

Queen Mother Xi could only tell Dayi: Someone stole my medicine, went to the moon, entered the toad, and left.

Yi was very desperate about this. He was in pain and depression, because the short life of human beings was not enough for him to persist until the next batch of medicine.

All his efforts came to nothing, and he missed this opportunity forever.

So far, the matter of ‘Hengwo’ has spread all over the world. Kings and gods from all over the world heard about this and thought: What? Can it be stolen?

But obviously, after this incident, humans will never be able to steal the elixir of immortality again.

The first time was a fluke, and there will be no second time.

The story of ‘Hengwo’ became a masterpiece, so much so that it was directly used to refer to the only person who succeeded that year.

Named after this road to heaven, this nameless person has this unique name.

Legend! The only legend.

His legend has been passed down, but in an era when ancient things have been forgotten, the world only feels strange: What kind of ghost legend is this? Stealing medicine? Flying to the moon? What's next? What’s the meaning? What principles have been taught? Greedy?

Therefore, this legend has not been taken seriously and is only used as an example of becoming an immortal.

The ancestors of ancient times must have been virtuous if their deeds are still praised today!

Even if he is a villain, he must have a decent person to support him.

"Hengwo steals medicine and flies to the moon", as a separate legend, spread to the Zhou Dynasty and was finally used.

He began to integrate and interact with another hero who was involved in the elixir, that is, Dayi.

And for this purpose, as a villain, he changed his gender to a woman.

At the end of the day, it’s the same old routine, you get married.

As a result, a brand new legend of Hengwo appeared. No, it should be the legend of Dayi, adding another chapter. Constant Self blends into it and becomes a supporting role.

The values ​​of the Chinese people have been gradually changing. With each dynasty, the mythology will be biased towards the values ​​of that time.

So it is repeatedly enriched, changed, and integrated.

A legendary ascendant who defied the heavens, inexplicably turned into a woman, married Yi, became a "hero, beauty, love and family ethics drama", and was even teased by Zhu Bajie!

At this point, you probably think it’s over, right? Thirteen thousand words...

But no, because there is another key figure that you should not ignore.

‘Yellow’!

As I said before, this matter was spread because Dayi asked the Queen Mother of the West to distribute the medicine, and then learned about it and spread it.

This is just a possibility.

This legend may have been spread through other channels.

Because before "Huainanzi", there is no record that Dayi asked the Queen Mother of the West for the elixir.

As I said, Dayi was forcibly brought in by later generations to make up for the particularly unvirtuous story of "Heng Wo stole the medicine". Borrowing the inspiration from the story of "Heng Wo Steals the Medicine", I just strengthened the Great Yi.

So there is no Yi in the story, and there is no Yi from the beginning to the end!

The records in "Gui Zang" have clearly shown that, apart from "Hengwo" himself, "Youhuang" is the only insider!

do you remember? I pointed out a sentence before: Chang'e found a person who was not afraid of the Queen Mother of the West, and whose status was even as good as the Queen Mother of the West.

Why I say this is because ‘Eternal Self’ dared to tell him about this and asked him for advice: What will happen if I do this and fly to the moon?

This in itself shows that ‘Youhuang’ is a very awesome person.

'Youhuang' is also very powerful. He told 'Hengwo': "Child, just go ahead! You will encounter darkness, but don't be surprised or afraid. In the end, there is infinite light!"

‘Eternal Self’ was very happy and left.

Only those who are true to the Queen Mother of the West can "Hengwo" believe in him.

Of course, it’s also possible that ‘Hengwo’ is the child of ‘Yuhuang’.

But this incident can be handed down and recorded in "Gui Zang", which shows that 'Youhuang' has confidence.

Even if 'Hengwo' is a pseudonym and 'Youhuang' is also a pseudonym, as long as there is no evidence, it will be fine.

And it’s very likely that ‘Youhuang’ taught ‘Hengwo’ to do this!

He told 'Eternal Self' when, where, and how he would steal the elixir, what it looked like, eat it immediately after getting it, and then go to the moon through what channel...

This series may be what 'Youhuang' secretly told his children after knowing about it in some capacity.

Originally, this method was not spread in the world, and because it was a secret, Queen Mother Xi was not prepared, and allowed 'Hengwo' to succeed by chance.

There are no more than five people in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, or even fewer, who have such confidence, such sources of information, and whose descendants are mortals.

So who is ‘Youhuang’?

I guess, it's Huangdi.

First of all, the ‘Eternal Self’ incident must be a very early incident. If it's too late, everyone will know about the elixir, and it won't be so easy to succeed.

Secondly, I said that the name "Youhuang" cannot be used by everyone.

‘You’ is an affix, usually added in front of a name.

And 'Huang' appears many times in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin and Shang Dynasties. It was worshiped with very high standards by the Shang kings of the past dynasties. It is an ancestor with a high status.

The word "Youhuang" in "Gui Zang" of the Yin and Shang Dynasties basically means that the Yellow Emperor did not run away.

And the Yellow Emperor did not neglect the Queen Mother of the West, which is reflected in the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

Huangdi wrote down the incident. It was only after his death that someone discovered the incident and spread it one after another.

This is the only one among all primitive legends throughout the ages that clearly records the successful case of taking the elixir and ascending to heaven.

Apart from this, all the cases recorded in the Classic of Mountains and Seas are failures.

It is said that after the Yellow Emperor completed his merits, he ascended to heaven and rode away on a dragon.

Will he end up with the head of a human and the body of a snake?

There is no evidence for this, so I just think Huang Di died in the end.

But although Huang Di died, he succeeded and allowed one of his descendants to rush into the dark and endless space.

There is no place more dark than the moon or the sky.

But on the other side of the long dark road is infinite light.

If you persist and endure, you will be able to walk with one foot and see with one eye!

The night will pass and the light will come.

This is the story of the only person who defied heaven and ascended, and his father.

Later generations called it: "Chang'e flies to the moon!"

"Classic of Mountains and Seas·Cang Yue Pseudo-Classic": "South of the West Sea, on the shore of the Flowing Sand, behind the Red River and before the Black River, there is a mountain called Kunlun Hill. There is a man holding a pill with a human head and a dragon body, named Hengwo. He stole the immortality drug from the Queen Mother of the West and took it with the moon. Before he left, he asked Huang for divination. Huang said it was auspicious. Hengwo then took his body to the moon and became a toad."

"Classic of Mountains and Seas·Dahuang Xijing": "East of Huashan Qingshui, there is a mountain called Zhaoshan. There is a man named Baizigao, who went up and down here, up to the sky."

"Classic of Mountains and Seas·Hainei Beijing": "The corpse of Prince Ye, his hands, thighs, chest, head, and teeth were all broken in different places."

……

p.s: Sorry.